21 Most Useless Degrees in 2025 and How to Make Them Work for You
In today's competitive job market, selecting a college major that aligns with career prospects is crucial. EDsmart's 2025 guide examines 21 degrees often labeled as 'useless' due to limited job opportunities or low earning potential. However, with strategic planning—such as acquiring complementary skills or pursuing specialized certifications—these degrees can be transformed into valuable assets. Explore how to navigate these fields effectively and turn perceived disadvantages into career advantages.
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Numerous degree options and professional trajectories are available to students embarking on their college journey. We’ll help you by going over the most useless degrees so you can make an informed decision—keeping in mind that “useless” is often a relative term based on job market trends and personal career goals.
Note: While these "useless" degrees might be viewed as having lower immediate job prospects or earning potential, this article also provides practical advice on how to make them more valuable with additional skills or complementary studies.
Most Useless Degrees
| Advertising | Anthropology and Archeology | Art History |
| Communications | Computer Science | Creative Writing |
| Criminal Justice | Culinary Arts | Education |
| Entrepreneurship | Ethnic and Civilization Studies | Fashion Design |
| Film, Video, and Photographic Arts | Languages | Music |
| Philosophy | Psychology | Studio Arts and Fine Arts |
| Theater Arts | Tourism and Hospitality | Travel and Tourism |
Choosing a college major is a pivotal decision that shapes your professional future. In a market where practical skills and ROI (Return on Investment) are increasingly important, some degrees are perceived as “useless.”
In this article, we explain what each degree entails, who it might be suited for, why it may be seen as less practical, and most importantly, how you can add value to them.
Many industries are evolving rapidly; for example, traditional metrics like low starting salaries and long payback periods are now complemented by the need to develop additional technical and soft skills. Consider this guidance as a starting point: with the right strategy, even a “useless” degree can be transformed into a competitive career asset.
Most Useless College Degrees Details
Here are 21 of the most often the most useless degrees in terms of immediate job prospects or earning potential. For each, we’ll explain what the degree entails, who it’s suited for, why it’s seen as less practical, and how to make it more valuable by pairing it with other skills or degrees.
What it is:
The study of persuasive communication, marketing principles, consumer behavior, and how to create and deliver effective advertising campaigns across various media.
Who it might be for:
Creative individuals with strong communication skills, an interest in marketing and sales, and the ability to think strategically about how to influence consumer behavior.
Why it's considered "useless":
The field is competitive, requires constant adaptation to new technologies and platforms, and can be heavily reliant on internships and practical experience. Changes in ad blocking and digital measurement have made proving ROI challenging.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on a niche like digital advertising, SEO/SEM, social media marketing, content marketing, or data analytics.
- Technical Skills: Learn data analysis, basic coding (HTML, CSS, JavaScript), and become familiar with ad platforms such as Google Ads and Facebook Ads Manager.
- Portfolio is Key: Build a strong portfolio of successful campaigns—even if starting with hypothetical projects.
- Networking: Attend industry events, join advertising clubs, and connect with professionals on LinkedIn.
- Certifications: Earning certifications (e.g., Google Ads, HubSpot) can boost your credibility.
According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Salary.com, and Indeed, entry-level advertising professionals typically earn between $40,000 and $50,000 per year.
What it is:
The study of human societies, cultures, and their development.
Who it might be for:
Curious, research-oriented individuals fascinated by human history and behavior.
Why it's considered "useless":
Entry-level positions in anthropology often require further education to secure better job prospects.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on areas like bioarchaeology or museum curation.
- Pair with another degree: Combine anthropology with social work, cultural resource management, urban planning, or public health.
- Technical Skills: Acquire skills in GIS mapping, digital archiving, and data analysis.
- Networking: Attend relevant industry events and join professional organizations.
Data from BLS and Salary.com suggest entry-level roles in anthropology may start around $35,000 to $45,000 annually.
What it is:
The study of the history of art, its cultural context, and evolution. Involves analyzing artwork, researching artists, and understanding art's societal role.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with a deep passion for art, history, and visual culture who possess strong analytical and research skills.
Why it's considered "useless":
Direct job opportunities are limited; many roles require advanced degrees or specialized experience with competitive museum or gallery positions.
How to make it "not useless":
- Master's Degree (Recommended): Pursue advanced studies in Art History or Museum Studies.
- Curatorial Experience: Gain internships or volunteer at galleries and museums.
- Digital Skills: Learn website design, social media management, and digital archiving.
- Writing & Communication: Develop strong writing skills for proposals, catalogs, and articles.
According to Salary.com and industry data, art history graduates often start between $30,000 and $40,000 per year.
What it is:
The study of how humans communicate, covering interpersonal, mass media, journalism, public relations, and organizational communication.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with strong writing and verbal skills interested in media, public relations, or corporate communications.
Why it's considered "useless":
Its broad focus can make it hard to pinpoint specialized skills, leaving many graduates with limited direct job experience.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on niches such as public relations, journalism, digital media, or corporate communications.
- Technical Skills: Learn digital marketing tools, content management systems, and video editing.
- Portfolio Building: Develop samples of writing, PR campaigns, or multimedia projects.
Data from BLS and Indeed show that entry-level communications roles typically pay between $35,000 and $45,000 annually.
What it is:
The study of computing, algorithms, and software development.
Who it might be for:
Logical thinkers with a passion for technology and problem-solving.
Why it's considered "useless":
It’s only perceived as “useless” if one fails to specialize; general tracks often face stiff competition from bootcamp graduates or self-taught coders.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on areas like cybersecurity, machine learning, data science, or blockchain development.
- Build a Portfolio: Develop real-world projects that demonstrate your expertise.
- Certifications: Earn relevant certifications to validate your skills.
Industry data indicates that entry-level computer science roles typically pay between $65,000 and $85,000 per year.
What it is:
The study and practice of writing fiction, poetry, creative nonfiction, and screenwriting, focusing on developing literary techniques and style.
Who it might be for:
Writers with a passion for storytelling, creative expression, and a desire to pursue careers in writing or publishing.
Why it's considered "useless":
The creative writing field is highly competitive and often offers variable income, making it challenging to secure a stable income solely from creative work.
How to make it "not useless":
- Build a Portfolio: Showcase your best writing samples.
- Freelance Writing: Supplement your income through freelance assignments.
- Combine with Technical Writing: Leverage your writing skills in technical or content marketing roles.
According to Salary.com, creative writing graduates may see initial earnings between $30,000 and $40,000, often supplemented by freelance work.
What it is:
The study of crime, law enforcement, and the judicial system, including topics such as criminology, criminal law, and corrections.
Who it might be for:
Individuals interested in public service and the legal system, particularly in roles related to law enforcement.
Why it's considered "useless":
Many entry-level positions in criminal justice do not require a degree and offer modest salaries, making it hard for graduates to secure competitive roles.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on specialized areas such as forensic science, cybersecurity, or homeland security.
- Gain Practical Experience: Secure internships with law enforcement or correctional institutions.
- Develop Technical Skills: Learn data analysis and crime mapping techniques.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that entry-level roles in criminal justice typically start around $35,000 to $45,000 per year.
What it is:
The art and science of preparing, cooking, and presenting food, including culinary techniques, food science, and restaurant management.
Who it might be for:
Aspiring chefs, restaurateurs, and food enthusiasts with a passion for the culinary arts.
Why it's considered "useless":
Entry-level positions in the culinary field often offer low pay and demanding work environments.
How to make it "not useless":
- Gain Experience: Work in well-regarded restaurants, hotels, or catering companies.
- Specialize: Focus on a niche such as pastry, baking, or restaurant management.
- Develop Business Skills: Learn aspects of restaurant management and marketing.
Data indicates that entry-level culinary professionals typically earn between $25,000 and $35,000 annually.
What it is:
The study of teaching and learning, including curriculum design, pedagogy, and educational psychology.
Who it might be for:
Individuals who are passionate about educating others—whether in K-12 or corporate settings.
Why it's considered "useless":
Teacher salaries are generally low and competition for positions can be fierce in many regions.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on high-demand subjects or pivot to corporate training/EdTech.
- Get Certified: Obtain the necessary teaching certification for your state.
- Gain Experience: Participate in student teaching, volunteering, and tutoring.
According to BLS, entry-level teaching positions typically range from $40,000 to $55,000 per year.
What it is:
The study of starting and running a business, covering planning, finance, and management principles.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with a strong desire to launch their own ventures and a taste for risk-taking.
Why it's considered "useless":
Success in entrepreneurship is highly unpredictable, and many startups fail.
How to make it "not useless":
- Start a Business: Apply your knowledge practically by launching your own venture.
- Gain Experience: Work for a startup or a small business to understand operational dynamics.
- Develop Technical Skills: Learn digital marketing, coding, or web design to enhance your skill set.
Since entrepreneurial paths vary widely, early earnings may range from $30,000 to $40,000 before a business scales.
What it is:
An interdisciplinary study exploring specific ethnic groups, cultures, and civilizations.
Who it might be for:
Individuals passionate about cultural identity, heritage, and social dynamics.
Why it's considered "useless":
Direct career opportunities are limited, and many roles require advanced education.
How to make it "not useless":
- Combine with Another Degree: Pair your studies with education, social work, or public policy.
- Develop Research Skills: Master research methods and data analysis techniques.
Industry sources indicate that entry-level positions may start around $30,000 to $40,000 annually.
What it is:
The art and science of designing clothing and accessories, including pattern making and textile knowledge.
Who it might be for:
Creative individuals with a strong interest in fashion design and innovation.
Why it's considered "useless":
Competition in the fashion industry is intense, and securing a design job often depends more on portfolio quality and connections than on a degree alone.
How to make it "not useless":
- Build a Portfolio: Create a robust portfolio of your designs.
- Gain Experience: Participate in internships with established designers or retailers.
- Develop Technical Skills: Learn CAD, 3D printing, and digital design tools.
Data suggests that entry-level fashion design positions typically offer salaries between $35,000 and $45,000 per year.
What it is:
The study of filmmaking, video production, and photography, including camera operation, lighting, sound, and editing.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with a passion for visual storytelling and creativity, interested in roles in film or photography.
Why it's considered "useless":
The industry is highly competitive, and securing full-time positions often proves challenging without a significant portfolio and connections.
How to make it "not useless":
- Build a Portfolio: Showcase your best work through a professional portfolio.
- Gain Experience: Volunteer, intern, or work on independent projects in film or photography.
- Develop Technical Skills: Improve your expertise in camera work, lighting, editing, and post-production.
Industry sources indicate that starting salaries in this field generally range from $30,000 to $40,000, though freelance work is common.
What it is:
The study of languages, including grammar, literature, and linguistics.
Who it might be for:
Individuals interested in linguistics or global communication, especially when paired with complementary skills.
Why it's considered "useless":
Without a clear application, language studies may not directly translate to high-paying job skills.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Focus on a high-demand language (e.g., Spanish, Mandarin, German).
- Pair with another degree: Combine with business, translation, or tech (localization) studies.
According to industry data, language specialists in entry-level roles typically earn between $30,000 and $40,000, with potential increases when paired with other skills.
What it is:
The study of music theory, history, performance, and composition.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with a passion for music and sound who seek to perform, teach, or produce music.
Why it's considered "useless":
The competitive nature of the music industry can make it challenging to secure stable, high-paying positions solely based on a music degree.
How to make it "not useless":
- Specialize: Consider pairing music with sound engineering or media studies.
- Portfolio & Experience: Develop an impressive portfolio or perform regularly to gain exposure.
- Networking: Connect with industry professionals through events and social platforms.
Data suggests entry-level roles in music typically have earnings ranging from $30,000 to $40,000, with supplemental income often earned through gigs.
What it is:
The study of fundamental questions about existence, knowledge, ethics, and values, emphasizing critical thinking and logic.
Who it might be for:
Those with a passion for deep analysis, debate, and exploring complex ideas.
Why it's considered "useless":
Without further qualifications, a philosophy degree offers limited direct career paths.
How to make it "not useless":
- Pre-Law: Use it as a stepping stone for law school.
- Combine with another degree: Merge with business, computer science, or journalism.
- Develop Writing Skills: Hone your analytical and writing abilities.
According to Salary.com, entry-level roles for philosophy graduates (without advanced studies) often range from $35,000 to $45,000 per year.
What it is:
The study of the human mind and behavior, including cognitive processes, emotions, and social interactions.
Who it might be for:
Individuals interested in helping others and understanding mental processes.
Why it's considered "useless":
A bachelor's degree in psychology often limits career options; clinical roles typically require advanced degrees and licensure.
How to make it "not useless":
- Graduate Studies: Pursue a Master's or Doctoral degree for clinical or counseling roles.
- Research Experience: Engage in research to build practical expertise.
- Combine with another field: Merge with business or human resources for broader opportunities.
According to BLS, entry-level psychology roles generally offer salaries from $35,000 to $45,000, with clinical positions paying significantly more once advanced.
What it is:
The practice of creating visual art, including painting, sculpture, drawing, photography, and digital media.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with a passion for visual expression and creativity, often interested in artistic careers or freelance work.
Why it's considered "useless":
The art market is highly competitive, and many roles depend on subjective factors and portfolio strength rather than formal qualifications alone.
How to make it "not useless":
- Build a Portfolio: Create a professional and varied portfolio of your work.
- Gain Experience: Exhibit your art in galleries and online platforms.
- Develop Business Skills: Learn marketing and self-promotion techniques.
According to industry insights, entry-level earnings for fine arts graduates typically fall between $30,000 and $40,000 per year.
What it is:
The study and practice of acting, directing, playwriting, and stage production.
Who it might be for:
Individuals who are passionate about performance, drama, and creative expression on stage.
Why it's considered "useless":
The theater industry is known for its intense competition and often unstable earnings, making it hard to secure a consistent income.
How to make it "not useless":
- Build a Portfolio: Compile professional performance reels or a portfolio of stage work.
- Gain Experience: Participate in theater productions, workshops, and auditions.
- Develop Technical Skills: Learn stagecraft including lighting and sound design.
According to sources, entry-level theater arts positions may offer salaries as low as $25,000 to $35,000, with many supplementing income through side jobs.
What it is:
The study of the tourism and hospitality industries, including hotel and restaurant management, event planning, and tourism marketing.
Who it might be for:
Individuals interested in travel, customer service, and roles in hospitality management.
Why it's considered "useless":
Entry-level positions in tourism and hospitality are often low-paying and susceptible to economic fluctuations.
How to make it "not useless":
- Gain Experience: Work in hotels, restaurants, or event planning companies to build practical skills.
- Specialize: Focus on niche areas such as eco-tourism or luxury hospitality.
- Develop Management Skills: Enhance your business and leadership abilities through training.
According to BLS data, entry-level roles in tourism and hospitality typically range from $25,000 to $35,000 annually.
What it is:
The study of the travel industry, including tour operations, destination marketing, and tourism economics.
Who it might be for:
Individuals with a passion for travel, geography, and cultural exchange, interested in the business aspects of tourism.
Why it's considered "useless":
Jobs in travel and tourism are often low-paying and subject to seasonal or economic fluctuations.
How to make it "not useless":
- Gain Experience: Obtain internships or part-time roles with tour operators or travel agencies.
- Specialize: Focus on areas like sustainable or adventure tourism.
- Develop Technical Skills: Learn about reservation systems and digital marketing for travel.
Industry estimates often place entry-level salaries in travel and tourism between $25,000 and $35,000 per year.
The choice of degree options quickly becomes overwhelming, with dozens or even hundreds of different options.
When choosing a major, you may first consider a college degree that sounds most exciting and that you think you would be good at. Nonetheless, you may overlook the potential usefulness of a college degree in securing employment following graduation.
When considering what major is best for you, it's important to consider which major will secure you a job and which are useless without pairing it with other skills or degrees.
Most Useless Degrees FAQ
What is considered the most useless degree?
Opinions vary. Degrees in fields such as General Studies, Art History, Music, and Creative Writing are often cited as offering limited direct job prospects without further specialization.
Can additional skills improve the value of a "useless" degree?
Absolutely. Enhancing your education with technical skills, certifications, internships, and networking can make any degree more marketable.
Should I avoid a degree that's labeled “useless”?
Not necessarily. Passion and drive are crucial. Focus on developing transferable skills and seek complementary studies or certifications to boost your career prospects.
I'm researching different college majors to help guide my decision. Based on current employment trends and job market data, which degrees tend to have more limited career opportunities? I want to choose a field of study that will give me strong employment prospects after graduation. What factors beyond just the major should I consider to maximize my employability?
Based on employment data and market trends we've analyzed, some college degrees that typically face more challenging job markets include General Studies, Art History, Music, Religious Studies, Theater Arts, Philosophy, Creative Writing, Film Studies, and similar liberal arts fields. However, we strongly disagree with labeling any degree as "useless" – success depends more on how you leverage your education and develop practical skills. For instance, a Philosophy major who develops strong analytical and writing abilities could excel in law or business. Instead of avoiding certain majors, we recommend focusing on building marketable skills alongside your studies, pursuing internships, and understanding how to apply your degree's transferable skills to various career paths. The key is to choose a field you're passionate about while being strategic about developing professional competencies that employers value.
Key Takeaways for Any Degree:
- Passion and Drive: A degree is just a starting point. Your passion, work ethic, and ability to learn and adapt are crucial.
- Practical Experience: Internships, volunteer work, and personal projects are essential to building a resume and developing marketable skills.
- Networking: Building relationships with professionals in your field can open doors to opportunities.
- Lifelong Learning: The job market is constantly evolving, so it's important to continue learning and developing new skills throughout your career.
- Consider Graduate School: In many cases, a graduate degree can significantly improve job prospects and earning potential.
- Be Strategic: Think carefully about your career goals and choose a degree and specialization that aligns with your interests and skills.
Remember, success is not guaranteed with any degree, but with hard work, a strategic approach, and a willingness to adapt, you can make even the most "useless" degree valuable.
